1. What is UNECE / ECE R148?

UNECE Regulation No. 148 sets out uniform provisions for the approval of light-signalling devices (lamps) used on motor vehicles and their trailers. The regulation consolidates and replaces several former, separate lamp regulations to simplify compliance and to accommodate modern lighting technologies such as LED systems.

Key administrative fact: R148 was developed under WP.29 (the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations) and entered into force as the consolidated instrument replacing a number of earlier ECE regulations, including but not limited to ECE R5, R7, R31, R38, R77, R87, R91, R119 and R123.

2. Which lamps are covered?

ECE R148 covers a wide range of signalling and lighting functions, including (but not limited to):

• Direction indicators (turn signals)
• Stop (brake) lamps
• Position (tail) lamps and parking lamps
• Rear fog lamps, reversing lamps, daytime running lamps (DRL)
• Side marker lamps, end-outline marker lamps and registration-plate illumination

3. Main technical requirements (overview)

R148 centralises many technical specifications. Key topics include:

• Technological neutrality: the regulation permits filament/halogen lamps, LED modules and approved substitute LED units, provided the devices meet the required performance criteria.
• Light intensity & distribution: prescribed intensity levels (candela/lumen) and angular distribution requirements ensure adequate visibility without dazzling other road users.
• Sequential / dynamic signalling: sequential activation of indicators is allowed where it conforms to the regulation’s defined uniform-progressive behaviour.
• Failure protocols & redundancy: provisions address minimum visibility in the event of partial failure and require monitoring/diagnostic capabilities where applicable.
• Environmental & durability tests: requirements cover ingress protection (e.g. IP67 / IP69K), vibration, thermal shock and ingress resistance testing to ensure long-term performance under severe conditions.

4. Approval, marking and documentation

• Type-approval mark: approved lamps must carry a unique approval identifier/mark so that regulators and purchasers can verify conformity.
• Technical file & database: type-approval documentation is submitted and, in many jurisdictions, stored in national or UNECE databases for traceability.
• Datasheets: mandatory product documentation should state the lamp function, operating voltage, photometric data, IP rating and approval number.

5. Testing and conformity

Typical tests include:

• Photometric measurements (intensity, beam pattern/angular distribution).
• Environmental durability: ingress (IP), vibration, thermal cycling and shock.
• Functional tests: sequential behaviour, failure modes and switching characteristics.

These tests are carried out by recognised laboratories and notified bodies following the measurement methods specified in the regulation.

6. Practical implications for manufacturers, importers and installers

• Manufacturers must update designs and technical documentation to comply with the consolidated R148 provisions and obtain type approval before placing products on UNECE markets.
• Importers / distributors must verify approval markings and supporting documentation before offering products for sale.
• Installers / service teams must ensure correct mounting orientation and compliance with installation-angle and wiring requirements to preserve the type-tested performance.